Here’s a good example of Gordon Willis’ use of the bay light.
This unit had been around the industry in a variety of configurations and names (‘coop’ lights, soft boxes, etc) for decades until he saved it from obscurity during the shooting of The Godfather in 1971. Find this scene at the 0:32:06 mark…
Mounted directly above the set, it produces an effect that’s soft and flat. Connected to a dimmer board, it’s generally used to provide a base illumination to whatever space you’re working in. Absent any foreground fill light however, it tends to create deep shadows in the actor’s eye sockets. You’ll recognize the effect as it’s so masterfully applied by Willis to the face of Marlon Brando’s Don Corleone in the opening of The Godfather.
Construction of a bay light is simple and cheap. A series of high-wattage household bulbs are secured to a batten within a light-weight wooden frame. The bulbs fire upward into white reflective material which then bounces the light downward through a sheet of semi-transparent diffusion, such as Lee 216. Duvetyne curtains line the sides of the box and can be easily dropped to any height to control the spill. Bay lights are usually built in 4’x4′ or 4’x8′ sizes, though any dimension is easily attainable.
Note that in this scene Willis augments the bay light with harder sources in order to create some contrast and fill. He also uses specific window treatments – Hamburg Frost and a layer of white bobbinet – to help throw the backing further out of focus.
Note the shadows falling on the set wall behind Shelley Long and Tom Hanks. They give away the foreground fill source that augments the bay light from above.
Hi Richard, do you recall how long the skirts were on the 8×8 bay light? Thanks for the great blog!
Hey Lowell! The length of the skirts varied according to how high up the bay light was set and how far it was from the walls, as measured from its sides. In this particular scene they don’t seem to have been brought down very far at all… The bays were very simply constructed and the skirts could easily be rolled up or down and then spring clipped in place. There was no real limit as to their length, but as with everything Willis did it was usually set it once and forget it!
The little hard light hitting Shelley Long at the sink — was that motived by some sort of overhead practical lamp, like from a dish lamp?
Hey David – I don’t recall the specific unit, but Willis was partial to 2K Baby Juniors in situations like this.
Hey Richard,
Can I ask if you recall what configuration the battens were arranged inside the baylight? My mind is going toward a plus sign type cross of bulbs inside, or possibly a square. Follow up question was how many bulbs per baylight generally? Your posts are wonderful. Thanks!
Michael – I don’t recall the specifics regarding the construction of baylights…The Money Pit was shot in 1985, after all. But I do know they were lightweight, with the frame created by thin strips of wood that outlined the “box.” The 4×4’s didn’t need extra support but the 4×8’s usually had a strut that ran across the center. As for the number of bulbs: Generally 250W tungsten ECA’s were used, with 8-10 arrayed within each 4′ section. I hope this answers your questions…